A split-system air conditioner splits the hot side from the cold side of the system. The cold side, consisting of the expansion valve and the cold coil is generally placed into a furnace or some other air handler. The air handler blows air through the coil and routes the air throughout the building using a series of ducts. The hot side of the split air system is known as the condensing unit which lives outside the building.
The air conditioner split-system unit consists of a long, spiral coil shaped like a cylinder. Inside the coil is a fan, to blow air through the coil, along with a weather-resistant compressor and some control logic. This approach has evolved over the years because it’s low-cost, and also because it normally results in reduced noise inside the house but at the expense of increased noise outside the house.